Author: admin

History of Computers

English Reports, 世界, 科技

Did you know from where the word “Computer” comes from? The word computer originally referred to a person who did the calculation very fast, without the need of any mechanical devices. The idea for computer began with people who wanted to make calculations easier. In between 1000BC and 500BC, the abacus was invented in Babylonia, and this made calculation simpler. It actually was a computer made of strings and beads.

The first automatic calculator was invented in 1642 by Blasie Pascal. However, none of these devices could be compared to the computer as they could not be programmed. The first step in the direction of computers was taken in 1801 when Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a punch card machine that could be used for weaving. The card made sure that the threads went through the right order. It used codes in order to work.

The first device that might be considered as a computer in modern days was conceived in 1822 by the British mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage. In Babbage’s time, mathematical tables were carried out by a group of mathematicians who worked day and night on primitive calculations. In 1822 Babbage proposed building a machine know as ‘Difference Engine’ to automatically calculate these tables. The Difference Engine was only partially completed, when Babbage thought of building an easier machine known as ‘Analytical Engine’.

In the year 1890, new light flashed on the idea of computers. Mr. Herman Hollerith designed the first machine known as ‘Punch Card Machine’. This machine punched holes on card to store data or information. In the year 1945, the first general all purpose electronic computer was invented. It was ENIAC, short form for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. ENIAC filled an entire room, weighed 30 tons, and consumed 200 kilowatts of power. Vacuum tubes, over 19,000 of them, were the principal elements in the computer’s circuitry. The second ENIAC invented could perform 5,000 additions, 357 multiplications or 38 divisions.

From 1945 to 1979, numerous computers were invented for different purposes. Vacuum tubes were replaced with the transistors in the second generation. In the third generation computers, integrated chip replaced transistors. In the fourth generation, thousands of integrated chips were built onto a single silicon chip known as microprocessor. Every year there is a new development in the field of technology. As a result, computer gained tremendous speed, accuracy and reliability. Even the size and cost have reduced.

Now a days super computers have been developed, which are the most powerful computers. The world’s fastest super computer is named as ‘Cray XT5 Jaguar’. It is a machine that performs over two thousand trillion calculations per second! Eka is the fastest super computer of India. It can perform 117.9 trillion calculations per second! It has been rated the fourth fastest by the internationally recognized Top500 listing’ projects.

 

Student: Manjur Ansari

computer

https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/historydisplays/TimeLine/TimeLine3/3.1.04-FirstComputers/FurtherImages.php

Beijing ‘100% covered’ by web of surveillance cameras

English Reports

Beijing ‘100% covered’ by web of surveillance cameras
The city of Beijing has been shielded by an inclusive security camera system, actively recording footage of the daily livings of the citizens and tourist within the city, according to a police report.
The police department in Beijing published a report that every part surrounding the capital city is currently protected by the metropolitan surveillance cameras according to the report by Xinhua news agency.
The modernization, which has increased by twenty percent in the quantity of security cameras in the public areas of Beijing, is relatively a national “skynet” regulation necessary for the cities throughout China to reach full video supervision.
The officers in the city have instructed over four thousand three hundred police officers in controlling the local video surveillance network and surveillance coverage has been utilized to resolve over one thousand five hundred cases since 2014 according to Xinhua.
L. Mudie

管它的，开始行动吧 理查德•布兰森

世界, 社会

我很喜欢在周末逛书店。一个普通的周末，我在“最畅销书”那一列看到理查德·布兰森写的一本名叫《管他的，开始行动吧》。我买下这本看起来十分有趣的书。

这本书里面，理查德·布兰森先生分享了一个他成功的秘密。这个男人有着传奇的一生。他十分平易近人。他的人生充满挑战和刺激。在这本书中，理查德·布兰森先生强调了“快乐的重要性”他分享了他的人生哲学：如果你热爱你所做的事情，那么你自然而然就可以挣到钱。如今，这个道理已经被无数的百万富翁验证。

这本书教会你要听从你内心的声音，始终专注于你想做的事情，并且探索你人生新的道路。理查德·布兰森先生通过挑战他的极限去探索他的人生，并且挑战极限带给他很多快乐。从儿童时期开始，他就十分自信。

他在书中分享了他在大西洋巡航的冒险经验以及他创办的维珍的巨大成功。很多次，他都与命运抗争，命悬一线。

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Student: 明超

Chinese Education System

English Reports

Whenever I saw kids walking home with obvious heavy bags full of tedious homework and test paper, refusing to go out with parents because of their ceaseless missions, and merely playing computer games instead of reading books as entertainment in their leisure time, I felt dismayed and puzzled. Then from an early age, I have always been thinking about what is the problem within the education in our country. As it turns out, it is truly complicated.
To begin with, I think the essence of the education is to guide students to see, feel, and know the world, to help them build complete sense and personality system, and to lead them to find out their dream, get close to, and achieve it. However, nowadays, innocent, curious children are taught together about the “positive power,” which is defined by the public, the tradition, the rooted culture. But I’m afraid that this “culture” has become a kind of chains, hampering the naive curiosity and creativity of children. Anyway, I never stopped believing that Chinese culture is brilliant in the blazing flow of history, although I do not agree that this could be used as a plea of stifling thoughts.
Second, people at present are too “conventional” to walk on their life, which leaves them an opinion that their kids should also follow the “integral” society, referring to others, ironically. However, kids should not be the one whose life are controlled and changed by the pretentious but shortsighted prior generation. The era needs new things, new ideas, which could not be achieved by merely following the past paths, or the present trend, nor by being stuck in a given circle, but by allowing the young generation walking their own way.
Last but not least, children need real guide, complete knowledge, which means what they really need to learn is not merely the academic knowledge used to fulfill the test, the scores, when they have not already known what they are after, when they do not even have a kind heart to others and desire to the whole world. As time goes by, is harder and harder for students under the era to apply for an advanced university, since the score increasingly becomes distant target, higher and farther to reach. So students have to focus on nothing but books, textbooks literally. The time for them to do voluntary work, to play sports, to care about their hobbies.
I do not think those are all the problems, but I also admit how to lead one’s life does not totally depend on the education system. Nevertheless, since it is much more beneficial for students not only at present but also in the future, why not fixing it out for a better socAfter I saw the news about murdering, stealing, and other crimes when I was twelve and focus on thinking about it for a long time, I realized what I have always found to handle the problem about the bad thing in the world is actually–education.
When looking at our world, I never refused that science is quite essential for us to lead a better life, to make everything more magnificent. But it could not solve issues related to one thing: love. Why would people steal things which do not belong to them? Why would some rush to the streets and shot or kill innocent people who has nothing to do with them? Why there are some parents who would reject reporting that they have been to the epidemic area, hoping to avoid being quarantined? The first two kind of people, in my opinion, are not rich, at least not rich enough. The third group are not caring, they are selfish. But why would they be so poor and selfish enough to do things harmful or potentially harmful to the society, to others? I thought it deeply, and it turns out to be that it is the lack of education that makes those people lose their kindness, makes them do not care about the world.
How could a young know the great love for the world when during all the life there is only poverty and sadness? And even though a long time later, he or she could make difference and live a great life, it is the education that rooted in the heart from an early age from parents, who experienced the same fate but worse. People could not be lenient to the surroundings only if they get convenient life on the base of intact education. As the base, education is more important than substantial affluence to some degree, since it is obvious that there are many rich men who are not kind, refusing to give their wealthy away to the poor, and even bulling them.
Education is complex, including not only the information and ability that people need to capture for daily life, but also, more importantly, the guide to kindness and greatness. It is not to say that every one needs to be as kind as saints, but I want to express that education does could change people, from inside to outside, from mind to heart. So if you want to practice in a field to make great difference and contribute to the world to a broadest degree, education is in its own right.

Qin Xuan Zhou

空气污染的治理

环境

“同呼吸，共命运”。就在全民吐糟空气质量报表的时候，中国政府出台了一系列措施去改善空气质量，在全国范围内树立全社会“同呼吸、共奋斗”的行为准则。其中大气污染防治十条措施主要是从节能减排，促进新能源发展的角度来改善空气质量。

作为普通市民，我们可以从哪些方面为环境治理共享自己的微薄之力呢？

在笔者看来，我们可以做到的有一下几点：

  • 发现污染企业，要勇于举报。随着国家出台新的环保法，国家加大对环保部门的执法力度。因此，作为普通市民，当我们发先生身边有违规企业排污，或者违规企业违法操作破坏环境的时候，我们应该用于承担监督人的责任，主动去提醒或者联系环保局，督促其整改。只有整个社会一起来监督违规企业，才会给这些破换环境的企业无缝可钻。
  • 从自身做起，从小事做起，积极响应环保措施。中国有15亿多人口，随着经济的发展，越来越多人都有能力负担私家车，很多人也都选择开车出行。但是，众所周知，汽车尾气污染也是空气污染的重要原因之一，作为普通民众，我们可以多乘坐公共交通，减少开车次数，从而减少汽车尾气的排放。除了日常出行，我们在生活方方面面都可以选择绿色，清洁能源和资源。虽然一个人的能力是有限的，但是中国人口基数大，只要每个人做好节能减排的工作，那么我相信，中国的环境污染问题一定回得到解决的。

“同呼吸，共命运”道出了每个公民应尽的责任和义务，保护好环境，就是保护我们自己的生命。

 

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https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=modest+environmental+governance+in+air+pollution+in+china&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAmoVChMIsfyE1t7hxgIVjxaSCh0w9QE_&biw=1366&bih=623#imgrc=bBYGF33bwF_WhM%3A

杜欣桐

 

Steroids Kill Muscle Maniacs

English Reports

Steroids Kill Muscle Maniacs
A study from NSW discovered that men in their late twenties and early thirties who improperly use steroids are on the point of death because of critical heart disease.
However, researchers say that extensive numbers of steroids users are not aware to the serious health risks associated with performing-enhancing drugs which include cardiovascular disease, reproductive failure, liver damage and high levels of violent behavior.
Almost all men and many of them who are hired as personal trainers, body builders and security guards showed predictable symptoms of chronic steroid abuse which includes overdeveloped and reduced muscles and damaged testicles.
While steroids were not the firsthand cause of death, 62.5 per cent of the men died from using harmful amounts of steroids together with some illegal drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine.
Over half had critical serious heart disease, including clotted arteries and impaired heart muscles.
R. Hastir

Harmful use of steroid lotions widespread in India: Dermatologist

English Reports

Harmful use of steroid lotions widespread in India: Dermatologist
In India, the rampant abuse of skin creams and lotions that has steroids is dangerous and no longer possible to manage. This is based on the warning of a dermatologist from Gujarat-based.
Steroids, which are also called “corticosteroids,” are drugs that can reduce infection or swelling and used for different given treatments. But these can result to significant and constant harm especially on thin skin like on the face and the area between the abdomen and the thigh on either side of the body.
The secondary, typically undesirable effect of these steroids includes skin pigmentation and malfunction, tiny and expanded blood vessels on the skin and bacterial and fungal infections.
Abuse can result to resistance of infections that can it hard to detect and cure.
In India, the law ordered that steroids can be sold only with an authorized medical practitioner’s recommendation but current steroids are excluded and can be bought over the counter or without prescription.
Finally, apart from these problems, another issue that results to the abuse of current steroids is the limited availability of license dermatologist.
R. Rajan

English Reports

Globalization in the Philippines

Globalization has presented a controversial influence. It has been considered as a series of actions that significantly contribute for the growth of the global economy and cannot be avoided and cannot be undone. Some view it with conflict that causes inequality between nations, inflicts damage to employment and social development. This detailed information is a general view of some features of globalization and search helpful ways in which countries can benefit this action while still existing from real situations in relation to possible actions and its threats.

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Globalization gives important contributions for the growth of economy but it is a gradual process. Some countries have engaged in globalization and quickly developed compared to other participating countries. It is because these countries have been combined with each other to completely develop and decreased the poverty.On the other hand, the globalization in developing countries is working well because it contributes to the welfare of their economy, market, society, labor, technology and to lessen the poverty level.

Finally, globalization can give better improvements to the Philippines if the political leaders implement an economic advancement using global marketing and permitting foreign investors to help improve the economic status. By doing those objectives, there is a possibility that the poverty level will decrease and there’s an increase in work force to help the people earn a living. Unfortunately, many Filipino workers still choose to work abroad in order to earn bigger salaries than working in their own country. Education is still the most significant factor. The outlook of the society is to get a right education because it is their entry for better opportunities.

I. Villanueva

云中谁寄锦书来

世界, 环境

武汉市新洲一中高三  张逸寒

 

驿寄梅花，鱼传尺素，青山翠影朦胧在烟雨中，相思门中相思客，等待着得得的马蹄踏过八百里驿道，带来心上人的只言片语。

旧时岁月真真似美人的眉睫纤长，蝶翼般慢慢微微轻颤着，唤起心中涟漪一片。世间千百种相遇，万场醉笑离殇，就藏在时光的瞳孔中，哪怕乐莫乐兮新相逢，悲莫悲兮生别离，也只换来笑眸浅浅，泪光点点，不曾有过肆无忌惮的宣泻。情感廉价才会肆意挥霍啊！那样笃然前行，安然寻踪的岁月中，情感如同古瓷一般，精美但脆弱，上古的光泽怎不让人珍之重之？

当如今，素笺成灰，相思成灾，情感泛滥而虚妄，哪家姑娘还能“和羞走，却把青梅嗅”？哪家少年还会“涉江采芙蓉”送给他远道的心上人？所谓速食爱情，倒还贴切。电视相亲、姻缘盛会、职场艳遇……人们似乎再不需要爱情，只需要一段恋情或者一种交往关系，一生一世一双人成了奢望，却也不曾有几多人真心在“候望”。我们走得快了，生命也好像因此变得长而远了，一生不只够爱一个人，而够我们万花丛中过，桃花遍地开。

都是虚空，都是捕风，到底只能是“好一片食尽鸟投林，落了片白茫茫大地真干净”。走马观花的大梦一场，鸡鸣枕上，夜气方回之时才惊觉实无一物，反不如独守一花开，得一枝配我胸襟就好。

张岱于《湖心亭看雪》中写下：大雪三日，湖心中人鸟声俱绝……湖上影子，惟长堤一痕，湖心亭一点，与余舟一芥，舟中人两三粒而已。这样无边无际无着无落的寂寞与苍楚，才是生命最本真的模样，孤独以对，素颜修行。而张岱自作墓志铭，遥忆纨绔子弟的轻狂岁月，写道：“极爱繁华，好精舍，好美婢，好娈童，好鲜衣，好美食，好骏马，好华灯，好烟火，好梨园，如鼓吹，好古董，好花年”，十二个“好”字极写这世间熙熙攘攘皆为之往的一切。我们快马加鞭所追逐的繁花灯火，到头来只构成自我嘲弄。因为纨绔一事无成，隐居剡溪山中的蜀人张岱却写成《琅嬛文集》、《西湖梦寻》，似梦中花开，引文字海啸。

金钱美女小洋房，诱得人趋之若鹜，脚步快得丢掉了魂灵，恨不得踩上风火轮。殊不知，荣华花上露，富贵草头霜，看那秋风金谷，夜月乌江，阿房宫冷，铜雀台荒。

眉公居于山中，有客问：“何景最奇？”曰：“雨前露后，花朝雪夜。”又问何事最奇，曰：“钓因鹤守，果遣猿收。”这样微妙的体会，现代生活中怕早已绝迹。我们将足迹踏上地球的每一个角落，看过无数巅峰之景，渐渐地，旅行的意义只在于“到此一游”，沿途的欣赏都在相机里。

水太蓝，所以想念漫出地平线；风都留在树林里，所以叶子喜欢唱情歌；阳光打磨鹅卵石，所以记忆起来越沉淀；雨水想看爱人一眼，所以奋不顾身落到伞边。这些都是你的心事，只有我读得懂，别人走得太快，看都看不见。

流金薄暮，烟柳水湄，雁鸟南飞，日落星辰，哪一景不惹人沉醉？何妨放慢了脚步，赏一赏这大自然的馈赠，“吾与子之所共适也”？快是生存，慢，才是生活，可惜少有人懂，或是说身不由己，被时代裹挟着随波逐流。

云中谁寄锦书来？让我们慢慢地等，让时间把雨水煮成一碗茶，让离别成为成长的附丽，让心绪织就锦绣文章，让眉眼盈盈望断天涯路。等那一封锦书，穿越唐朝的江枫渔火，宋朝的精魂万卷，慢悠悠地缀我们一片素锦流年。

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http://colorful.bigbangfish.com/top/beautiful-scenery/

Name: 张逸寒

World’s Dependence on Oil

English Reports

World’s Dependence on Oil

World’s dependence on oil is a threat for national security, threat for environment, and threat for global economy too. America has recently spotted the problem and organized one meeting to come together and discuss on the problem. If you will look at the stats, out of all 70 percent exported oil is used by America alone.

  • America uses 400 million gallons oil every day for transportation. This heavy addiction on oil can affect overall economical growth in America.
  • Oil addiction targets national security too as most of the countries are exporting oil at very high risk.
  • America spends more than $1 billion everyday on oil that disturbs economic balance. Dollars are in hands of foreigners and chances of jobs are declining every day.
  • Burning oil or fossil fuels in heavy amount impacts environments too.

The discussion concludes that this is only America who can end our oil addiction. Addressing this problem is not an easy task but nor it demands for life taking scarifies. So come ahead and take decision in favor of your national, in the favor of world!!!

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